Dry Van vs. Reefer Trailers: Which Is Best for Your Freight?

• Dry van trailer definition
• What ships in a dry van
• What doesn't ship in a dry van
• Dry van cost
• Reefer definition
• What ships in a reefer
• What doesn't ship in a reefer
• Reefer cost

When it comes to choosing the right trailer for your freight, the stakes are higher than they might appear at first glance. Select the wrong equipment and your goods might arrive damaged, delayed, or not at all — which is the kind of stress no supply chain needs.

Among the most common trailer types in today’s trucking industry are dry vans and refrigerated (or "reefer") trailers. While they may look similar on the outside, they serve different purposes.

So, how do you know which trailer is best for your freight? The answer depends on more than just whether your product needs refrigeration. Factors like shipment volume, regional weather patterns, product sensitivity, and even market conditions can all influence your ultimate choice.

You can also lean on the expertise of transportation providers like Anderson Trucking Service (ATS). We've been in the industry for 70 years, and have the depth and breadth of experience necessary to advise our customers on the best options for their freight day in and day out.

In this article, we’ll break down the key differences between dry van and reefer trailers, explore the advantages and limitations of each, and help you make a well-informed decision — one that protects your freight and your bottom line.

What Is a Dry Van Trailer?

• Trailer Length: 48 or 53 feet long 
• Maximum Width: 8 feet, 5 inches (101 inches)
• Maximum Height: 9 feet, 2 inches (110 inches)
• Maximum Weight: 42,000-45,000 pounds 
• Ideal for loading/unloading via loading dock 
• Popular choice for both full truckload (FTL) and less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments

The dry van trailer is hands-down the most common trailer on America’s roads. These trailers are enclosed by solid walls, which creates a box shape that protects freight from the elements while in transit. 

These trailers provide versatility to shippers in the food and beverage, retail, and non-durable manufacturing industries. 

What Ships In a Dry Van Trailer

Dry van trailers credit their popularity to their versatility: Generally speaking, if it fits, it ships. They carry such a wide range of commodity types that it might be easier to list what they don't ship (and we'll do just that in the next section!) 

Some of the world's largest companies use dry vans to transport their inventories, comprised of items like:

• Building and raw materials
• Consumer goods (Clothing, electronics, furniture, etc.)
• Healthcare products
• Household goods
• Liquid commodities
• Non-perishable food and dry goods
• Smaller machinery, equipment, and automotive parts

When it comes to the shipment of pallet-based, boxed, or loose commodities, dry van trailers are the go-to solution. A 53’ dry van deck can comfortably transport a maximum of 26 pallets across their floors. 

Shippers of palletized freight understandably rely on dry vans to provide a cost- and space-efficient transportation solution.

What Doesn't Ship In a Dry Van

While dry vans are a wildly versatile trailer type, they can't actually do it all. Like all trailers, dry vans have some limitations and specifications that may rule it out as a choice for your freight, depending on what you're moving. 

Here's a quick overview of what dry vans aren't suited to haul: 

• Highly hazardous materials (hazmat)
• Oversized freight (> 48 or 53' long, 8'6" tall, and/or 45,000 lbs.) 
• Side-loading freight
• Temperature-controlled goods 

For this reason, if you’re a shipper moving temperature-controlled, oversized freight or don’t utilize a loading dock, a dry van won’t meet your needs. 

What Does Shipping In a Dry Van Trailer Cost?

Since their versatility makes them the most commonly used trailer type, the dry van is an affordable option for shippers. In fact, it's often the most cost-effective method of transportation available — though this can vary depending on a variety of factors such as freight specifications, shipping lanes, and the state of the market. 

The dry van's lower cost relative to other trailer types can be partially attributed to its cost to carriers. Purchasing a dry van trailer costs significantly less for carriers than purchasing a more specialized trailer like a reefer or heavy haul trailer.

The ROI on a dry van purchase is also high, as they can be used to transport nearly every kind of freight and are therefore in constant demand. A carrier can count on a dry van trailer to be moving consistently — making them the true backbone of a well-rounded commercial fleet — and more than make up for their upfront cos.

This cost-benefit relationship often helps motivate carriers to offer dry vans at a competitive rate compared to other trailer types.

What Is a Reefer Trailer?

• Trailer Length: 48 or 53 feet long
• Maximum Width: 8 feet, 2 inches (98 inches)
• Maximum Height: 8 feet to 8 feet, 2 inches (96-98 inches)
• Maximum Weight: 42,500 lbs.
• The only trailer type suited to move temperature-controlled freight

Refrigerated trailers, commonly called "reefer" trailers, are shaped like dry van trailers but have the additional feature of built-in temperature control units.

Reefers are therefore used to move freight that must be transported at a particular temperature or within a certain temperature range. 

Interestingly, reefers are used to both keep freight cold in warmer climates (like transporting pre-packaged ice cream bars across the hot Arizona desert) and to keep freight at more mild temperatures in very cold climates (like transporting paint in the dead of a Minnesota winter). The latter usage is called "freeze protection" or "protect from freeze (PFF)."

What Ships In a Reefer Trailer

Any temperature-sensitive freight that requires heating or cooling to keep it fresh during shipment must be transported using a reefer trailer. 

These types of products include, but are not limited to:

• Batteries and some electronic components
• Beverages, including alcohol
• Certain dry goods, like coffee, oatmeal, and flour
• Chemicals and some hazardous materials
• Cleaning products
• Cosmetics
• Dyes and inks
• Glues
• Oil-based products
• Paints
• Perishable foods and produce
• Pharmaceuticals

Note that once a reefer trailer has been used to ship hazardous materials of any kind, it cannot haul consumable commodities. This is a safeguard that prevents any potential cross-contamination between hazmat goods and food, beverage, and other consumable goods like vitamins. 

Now I’m a Reefer, Now I’m Not

When there isn’t a large volume of reefer freight available, carriers can pivot their service offerings by converting reefer railers into non-temperature-controlled trailers.

This is done by simply turning the temperature control unit in the trailer off, which allows it to operate as a (albeit slightly smaller) dry van trailer.

In this sense, reefer trailers can be equally versatile as a dry van trailer, give or take the small dimensional discrepancy 

What Doesn't Ship In a Reefer

Like dry van trailers, reefers cannot haul any commodity that exceeds the length of their deck, the height of its ceiling, or the weight limit of its floor. 

That means the limitations of reefers are more or less the same as a dry van trailer, besides the obvious difference of a reefer's use for temperature-controlled freight.

Reefers are not well-suited to haul: 

• Oversized freight (> 48 or 53' long, 8' or 8'2" tall, and/or 42,500 lbs.) 
• Side-loading freight
  

Reefers also have the additional nuance regarding hazmat freight (once a reefer hauls hazmat, it can never again haul consumable goods) that dry van trailers do not.

What Does Shipping In a Reefer Trailer Cost?

In general, shipping in a reefer trailer will cost more than shipping in a dry van. 

Why? Reefers are a more specialized trailer type, which inherently raises its cost. But the commodities typically transported in reefers come with heightened liability risks due to their perishable nature, specific temperature requirements, and urgency.

Furthermore, there is an additional cost to carriers to operate and maintain reefer trailers, as they must fuel their cooling units. 

These factors all contribute to the relatively higher cost of using a reefer trailer rather than a dry van. However, if your commodities are perishable, frozen, or temperature-sensitive in any way, a reefer is most likely your only safe, appropriate option. 

Finding the Right Trailer for Your Freight

In the end, the trailer that you choose completely depends on your shipping needs. Consider the following about your shipments to help inform your decision: 

• Freight dimensions
  
  • Weight, height, number of pallets, length
• Temperature requirements, if any
• Budget

For example, if you need to move goods such as clothing, furniture, appliances or any pallet-based commodities not requiring temperature control, the dry van trailer will likely be a good fit for you. 

On the other hand, if you'll be transporting any type of goods requiring temperature control, you'll need a reefer trailer to address those needs. 

To help you visualize the difference and similarities between these two (admittedly visually similar) trailer types, here's a handy chart to print and keep on hand. 

Reefer vs. Dry Van Trailers At a Glance